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	<title>archaeology.lk &#187; Articles</title>
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	<link>http://www.archaeology.lk</link>
	<description>Sri Lanka Archaeology</description>
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		<title>Fishing Practices in Prehistoric Sri Lanka</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/fishing-practices-in-prehistoric-sri-lanka/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/fishing-practices-in-prehistoric-sri-lanka/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Oct 2010 01:27:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archaeo-fauna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethno-ichthyology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fishing Practices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[floodplains]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prehistoric]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prehistoric deposits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sri Lanka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wasantha S Weliange]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=1142</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A considerable amount of information on prehistoric culture has been gathered from various areas in Sri Lanka. Batadomba Lena Cave in Kuruwita and Bundala in the southern Sri Lanka are two prehistoric sites which are as old as 40,000 years and 125,000 years respectively. Several caves in the wet, dry and intermediate zones were excavated during the last 70 years and a large amount of evidence has been discovered from these sites, which could be used to explain the prehistoric culture in Sri Lanka. Archaeo-faunal evidence helped to describe the prehistoric man not only as a hunter gatherer but also as a fisherman in the floodplains, rivers and streams. The simplest form of fishing tools made out of bones were discovered from many prehistoric settlements in Sri Lanka, indicating that there existed a gradual development of fishing technique and related activities. In this synthesis, an attempt is made to discuss]]></description>
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		<title>Re-examination of the interpretations given by Senarat Paranavitana to several literary terms occurring in certain lithic records</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/re-examination-of-the-interpretations-given-by-senarat-paranavitana-to-several-literary-terms-occurring-in-certain-lithic-records/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/re-examination-of-the-interpretations-given-by-senarat-paranavitana-to-several-literary-terms-occurring-in-certain-lithic-records/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Oct 2010 01:10:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[literary terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lithic records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prof. Sirimal Ranawella]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Senarat Paranavitana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sri Lanka]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=1133</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Senarat Paranavitana was the most competent epigraphist we have ever had and he has deciphered hundreds of lithic records as well as 685 Sigiri graffiti; he was well versed in his mother tongue as well as in English and in two other oriental languages, Sanskrit and Pali. Yet as he was not omniscient he could make mistakes. With apologies and due respect to his vas knowledge we intend to re-examine a few terms which are refered to in our epigraphic records that he has misinterpreted. The phrase vahara-la cidavi, which he has misinterpreted as “freed from slavery” is the first term that we intend to re-examine. In the epigraphic records pertaining to the period, fifth century to eighth century, we very often come across this term; it occurs in a variety of orthographic forms such as vahara-la cidavi, vahara-laya cidavi, vahara-laha cidavi, vahari-la cidavi, vehera-la cidavi, veheri-la cidavi, viheri-la cidavi.[1]]]></description>
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		<title>Protohistoric copper metallurgy in Sri Lanka: an overview* &#8211; Arjuna Thantilage</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/protohistoric-copper-metallurgy-in-sri-lanka-an-overview-arjuna-thantilage/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/protohistoric-copper-metallurgy-in-sri-lanka-an-overview-arjuna-thantilage/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Sep 2010 05:43:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bronze]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[copper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[india]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iron]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metallurgy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protohistory]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=820</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Arjuna Thantilage, Phd Senior Lecturer Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology Introduction Although Sri Lanka has no significant ‘Bronze Age’ culture, it would appear that copper metallurgy had played some role in the beginnings of settled and literate or proto-literate civilization in the island. In this chapter we make an attempt to contribute to the reconstruction of the beginnings of metallurgy in Sri Lanka in what would be a completely new interpretation in this matter. From a global viewpoint, we see that copper is a magnificent metal that came to be known at the very beginnings of the human knowledge and use of metals. This was probably due to the inherent properties associated with ‘copper’. Unlike most other metals copper exists as a pure metal in nature (i.e.native copper) owing to its low chemical reactivity. If we consider the availability of native metals to ancient pre-metallic (especially. mesolithic) cultures, the quantities and]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sinhalese Influence on Laos: From its Beginning to Consolidation &#8211; Part II &#8211; The regional context</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/sinhalese-influence-on-laos-from-its-beginning-to-consolidation-part-ii-the-regional-context/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/sinhalese-influence-on-laos-from-its-beginning-to-consolidation-part-ii-the-regional-context/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Sep 2010 05:56:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=705</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hema Goonatilake PhD (Lond) Visiting Professor, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, New Series, Vol. LIII, 2008 The development of Sinhalese-Lao relations is tied to Sinhalese relations with the broad South-east Asian region, immediately prior to the establishment of the Lao kingdom. It is therefore useful to survey the political and religious situation in the region, with special emphasis on their relations with Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s relations with Northern South-east Asia &#8211; Myanmar By the 11th century, Sri Lanka had established close ties with Myanmar. The Culavamsa records that King Vijayabahu I (1065-1120 C.E.) requested assistance from King Anawratha – Pali Anuruddha &#8211; (1044-1077 C.E.), to defeat the Colas (Cv., LX., vv. 5-6). Vijayabahu had also sent a religious mission, requesting for Bhikkhus to restore the Sangha in Sri Lanka which had by then deteriorated. Hence, with]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sinhalese Influence on Laos: From its Beginning to Consolidation &#8211; Part I &#8211; Sources</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/sinhalese-influence-on-laos-from-its-beginning-to-consolidation-part-i-sources/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/sinhalese-influence-on-laos-from-its-beginning-to-consolidation-part-i-sources/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 2010 11:38:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=679</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hema Goonatilake PhD (Lond) Visiting Professor, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, New Series, Vol. LIII, 2008. Sri Lanka, till the arrival of the Europeans, has been very possibly the major influence of a high culture in the whole South East Asian region. The earlier Hindu influences which led to such descriptions as “The Indianized States of Southeast Asia&#8217;1 are now being increasingly recognised as an over-statement. South Asian influences outside the royal court and among the common people actually occurred largely through Sinhalese contacts (Hall, 1981, p. 22)”. Although Sinhalese influence on Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand has been covered to a great extent, the impact of Sinhalese culture on Laos has been largely neglected. Thus, Sirisena, in his pioneering overview, Sri Lanka and South-east Asia: Political, Religious and Cultural Relations from A.D. c. 1000 to c. 1500,]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ramba(Rambha) Viharaya and its connection with Myanmar</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/ramba-viharaya-and-its-connection-with-myanmar/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/ramba-viharaya-and-its-connection-with-myanmar/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 2010 04:15:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anuradha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arimaddanapura]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bagan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myanmar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ramba Viharaya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rambha]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=681</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hema Goonatilake PhD (Lond) Visiting Professor, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Introduction The intensive relations between Sri Lanka and Myanmar span over a period of 1000 years beginning with the emergence of the city of Bagan (written by British as Pagan) in the 11th century as the cradle of Burmese culture and civilization. This ancient capital of Myanmar epitomizes one of the world’s greatest feats of building construction – greater than all of Europe’s cathedrals, the construction of which spread over nearly seven centuries whereas Bagan is home to 4,446 monuments built within a period of two and a half centuries, mostly within a period of 150 years. Bagan is a unique city encompassing approximately 40 square km. with a wide variety of religious buildings, some standing higher than 70 metres. Among these are 260 large monuments influenced by Sinhalese. Twelfth and thirteenth centuries mark significant relations between Sri]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A Classification for Sri Lankan Caves</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/a-classification-for-sri-lankan-caves/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/a-classification-for-sri-lankan-caves/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 2010 01:21:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lakshmi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=612</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sri Lanka is an island with a very high density of caves. The lithology of the country is characterized by mostly Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Miocene limestone in the northern area of the country. Although caves are considered as dark spaces with many legendary tales, the scientific background of Sri Lankan caves were recently discovered after initiating scientific studies by Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology of the University of Kelaniya. During this project of speleology, first ever attempt was made to classify Sri Lankan caves based on lithology, morphology and genesis. This particular classification was done comparing the investigated caves located in Rathnapura, Ruwanwella and Mahiyanganaya and other documented caves of Sri Lanka. Results indicate that common Speleogenesis processes are weathering and erosion of bed rocks and amalgamation of boulders on the surface. It is revealed that the position of caves on the Earth is important to define a cave as]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Scientific observations on unification of Siva and Parvati bronzes by Lakdusinghe*</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/scientific-observations-on-unification-of-siva-and-parvati-bronzes-by-lakdusinghe/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/scientific-observations-on-unification-of-siva-and-parvati-bronzes-by-lakdusinghe/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 08:07:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lakshmi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=514</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Arjuna Thantilage Phd Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology &#8211; Sri Lanka *This was first published in the Sirimal Lakdusinghe felicitation volume. I am privilege to write an article to this special volume dedicated to Mr. Sirinimal Lakdusinghe. I am even more privileged that I being able to write this article for this special volume dedicated to him since it discusses one of his valuable discovery on two Hindu images by art historical means, based on scientific evidences. Figure 1 Parvati Figure 2 Siva image with pedestal Figure 3 Shiva and Prvati united with pedestal Figure 4 Parvati image (figure 1) was among the large number of Hindu bronzes discoverd from Polonnaruva Siva Devale No 5 by the Archaeological Survey Department in the year 1908 (ASCAR 1908) . The Siva image with pedestal (figure 2) was among the collection of Hindu bronzes discovered by Dr. C.E. Godakumbura in 1961 from the same]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Anuradhapura period bronzes of Sri Lanka: Schools and Resource- Utilization</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/anuradhapura-period-bronzes-of-sri-lanka-schools-and-resource-utilization/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/anuradhapura-period-bronzes-of-sri-lanka-schools-and-resource-utilization/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jan 2010 18:18:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lakshmi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=506</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Arjuna Thantilage Phd Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology The history of use of metals in Sri Lanka is an area yet to be studied thoroughly and hence have very vague picture on the subject. But it has recently been shown that the copper metallurgy may have been played a very important role in our cultural formation process against the common belief that we have started directly from an Iron Age (Thantilage 2008). However starting from a period after the 500 AC there is a rich collection of metal sculptures and objects made of copper alloys. So far even very few attempts have made to understand the resource utilization aspect of the Sri Lankan historical metallurgy. Historical records and chronicles had indicated that Sri Lanka used its own source of copper during historical periods (Seneviratne 1995:125). Because of the high nickel content (Maliyasena 1987) and consistent copper/nickel ratio the copper artifacts found]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>An Iron Bowl from Tissamaharama; Technical Studies</title>
		<link>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/an-iron-bowl-from-tissamaharama-technical-studies/</link>
		<comments>http://www.archaeology.lk/articles/an-iron-bowl-from-tissamaharama-technical-studies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2010 16:25:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lakshmi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.archaeology.lk/?p=493</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Arjuna Thantilage1,Senake R. Ratnayake2 1 Lecturer, Post Graduate Institute of Archaeology 2 Chemical Conservation Officer, Department of Archaeology Abstract It is a well known fact that there was no way of producing liquid iron from wrought iron in historical period and hence, casting of iron implements was impossible. An ancient bowl made of iron was subjected to microscopic investigations with a view to find its manufacturing technology. By means of these microscopic images, it was possible to understand some important technological aspects of ancient Sri Lankan iron implements manufacturing process. Introduction In 2004, remains of an iron bowl and many other iron implements were discovered from an accidental digging by a villager at Akurugoda, in the suburb of Tissamaharama (maritime city of southeast Sri Lanka) about six feet below the earth surface. Akurugoda and its suburb areas were subjected to extensive systematic archaeological explorations and excavations under the KAVA project.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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